: Abstract Latina 
The Roumshagan plain aquifer with an area of 109 km2 is one of the most important aquifers in the province of Lorestan. The average annual precipitation is 352 mm in this area. Over the past few years, the level of the aquifer has decreased relatively significantly, due to Inadequate aquifer recharge and high utilization. Inappropriate temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and runoff in the country, as well as lack of adequate moisture and permanent surface, flows in most areas have led aquifers to form the main water supplies to meet the country's water needs. Optimal groundwater exploitation requires strict management and supervision. Since groundwater extraction leads to an increase and a significant drop in groundwater levels, the most important issue is the management of aquifers, excessive pumping control and the prevention of the introduction of various types of pollution to groundwater. As a result, prediction of the aquifer response is necessary in order to control the quality and quantity of groundwater in relation to the effects of groundwater discharge and groundwater recharge. This, in turn, has led to the widespread development and widespread use of groundwater models. The primary purpose of groundwater modeling is to simulate the prevailing conditions on aquifers. In this regard, the model of groundwater of the Plains of Roumshagan was prepared. The purpose of the model of Rumshang plain was to study the details of the plain in order to estimate the hydrodynamic parameters of the aquifer, to present the hydrogeological balance of the plain, to study different scenarios of the operation of the drinker.For this purpose, the aquifer flow model of the Rumshagan plain was calibrated in a steady state (September 2012) and unsustainable (September 2012 to August 2013) by automatic and manual method (trial and error). After optimizing the hydro-geological parameters, the model was verified for the period from October 2013 to March 2013 and the mean root mean square error (RMS) for the steady-state, unsteady state and verification period was 0.49, 0.91, and 0.9 respectively. Based on the results of the simulation of groundwater flow, the changes in the surface level of the aquifer in the Rumshagan plain were predicted in 10 years after the year 91-92. Finally, in order to manage the aquifer and prevent the aquifer from reaching the critical state, the project of removal of agricultural water wells in the study area and supply of water needed for agricultural use from the Seimareh dam and river to the Roumshagan plain was considered.

 

This research focuses on the study of the hydrochemical linkages of the keyno Anticline Springs and its main objectives, include identifying a specific pattern in the data, determining the hydrochemical processes governing the chemical quality of springs and determining the hydraulic connection between the springs using multivariate statistical analysis of principal components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (AHC), as well as time series analysis by spectral density. The analysis of the main components showed that the two main components with the most qualitative changes (71.65%) are the chemical quality of the springs. The main component, consists of bicarbonate, magnesium, sodium, chlorine and pH, and the second component contains calcium and sulfate. The cluster analysis of the hierarchy known as Q-mode was performed on the data, which resulted in the clustering of the springs in two clusters. In this way, the Susan and Tangsard were placed in one cluster, and Absardeh, and Mori springs were placed in another cluster. This suggests that springs in a cluster have a hydraulic relationship. Therefore, the cluster analysis method known as R-mode and Q-mode confirms the distinct quality of these springs. In the following, in order to interpret and evaluate more conventional classical methods such as Piper, radar diagram, ion ratios and composition graphs. The time series method was also used to investigate the relationship between the Susan and Tangsard, due to the availability of the time data of the two springs. Therefore, the spectral density analysis as a new method was used to study the quality parameters of the two springs in a more precise manner, as well as the hydraulic connectivity of these springs. The results of this method also confirm the results obtained from the statistical section and conventional hydroshemistry methods. Also, in the conclusion of this study, it was found that in the analysis of the coherence, the use of spectral density analysis has more accurate results than regression methods.

Iran is a dry country At present, 55% of the water in Iran is supplied by groundwater and 45% by surface water. The growth of the population of Iran, which has been accompanied by economic development, the growth of industry and agriculture, has increased demand for water. However, the low and slow rate of recharge the aquifer cannot respond to this increase in demand. In this regard, the importance of controlling and optimizing groundwater uses as been identified by hydrogeologists, and groundwater modeling has been considered for its high efficiency and lower costs than other methods as water resources management tools. In this context, quantitative groundwater model of Dehbidabad plain (Safashahr) in Fars province with an area of 808 km2 was prepared. GMS software (by using MODFLOW2000 code) was used to simulate groundwater flow under various stresses during the year (2014-2015). After creating a conceptual model with the help of GIS software, a numerical model of the aquifer was developed. For this purpose, the model was calibrated for september 2014 in steady state and from september of 2014 to september 2015 in an unsteady state with mean root and mean square error of 0.48 and 0.98. After estimating the hydrodynamic parameters, the model was validated for the period from september 2015 to september 2016. Then the modl was used as a management tools and different scenarios such as predicting the state of the water surface in the next 4 years, new well drilling, prediction of groundwater status under artificial nutritional conditions, drought and wet condition, 10% increase in wells and Qantas, 10% reduction in wells, 10% reduction in recharge and increased recharge in the heights in the study area was analyzed.

In arid and semi-arid areas, exploitation over the capacity of aquifers due to increased water requirements in agricultural, industrial and urban areas and their pollutants has led to a fall in groundwater levels and a decrease in the quality of aquifers. Therefore, conservation of groundwater resources in these areas is an important and sensitive issue. Determining the well protection area (capture zone) is an important objective in groundwater conservation policies to prevent health and environmental hazards. The purpose of this research is to investigate the analytical methods and the numerical model of determining the capture zone of potablel water wells of Ramhormoz plain in Khuzestan province. In order to achieve this goal, the following steps were taken respectively. At first, Ramhormoz aquifer flow was modeled using MODFLOW 2000 numerical code in June 2013 in steady state and period from September 2013 to September 2014 in unsteady state. The calibration of the model was carried out manually and the root mean square error rate was 0.59 and 0.62, respectively, in steady and unsteady state. After estimating the hydrodynamic parameters, the model for the period from September 2014 to March 2015 was verified with a root mean square error of 0.54. After optimizing the hydrodynamic parameters and estimating the porosity, the capture zone of potable water wells of Ramhormoz plain was plotted using MODPATH numerical code and analytical methods. Then, the effect of different factors such as pumping rate, hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, time of particle tracking and ... on the expansion and geometry of the capture zone were investigated.

 The excessive increase in population over the past three decades, The limitation of surface water resources, agricultural, industrial, urban activities and excessive utilization of groundwater resources have caused irreparable damage to the groundwater resources quantitatively and qualitatively. In order to prevent the continuation of quantitative and qualitative decline, management of the exploitation and protection for groundwater should be considered as a principle and basis in planning .Groundwater resource management in the first stage requires adequate knowledge of the aquifer system and related equations, and in the second stage, it needs a tool to be able to predict the response from the various quantitative and qualitative stresses imposed on the aquifer in the current and future conditions. in this regard, using a tool such as a model, it is possible to simulate the actual situation with acceptable accuracy and achieve satisfactory results. On the other hand, numerical simulation of the flow and transmission of pollution in groundwater due to the estimation of hydraulic, hydrogeological and transmission parameters can be an important tool for managing the water resources of aquifers. The main objectives of this research are to provide a groundwater flow and transport model for simulation and transfer of groundwater contamination in Lour Andimeshk Plain using MODFLOW, MODPATH and improve the accuracy of these simulations using Point Grid Refinement. For this purpose, in the first step, Lour Plain Andimeshk aquifer flow model was calibrated in steady state (October 2009) and transient (October 2009 to September 2010) by manual method (trial and error). After optimizing the hydrogeological parameters, the model was verified for the time period of October 2010 to March 2010.Finally, the Root Mean Square Error (RMS) for steady state, transient and verification periods was obtained 2.56, 0.75 and 1.21, respectively, In the second step, the accuracy of simulation of the Lour Andimeshk aquifer model for the steady state, unsteady and verification period was improved by using the point grid refinement method. Finally, the mean error value (RMS) for the steady state, unsteady and verification period was obtained as 0.44, 0.55 and 0.79, respectively. In third step , the MODPATH numerical code that simulates the mass transport of particles , was used to trace contaminated particles of two continuous and progressive modes in a steady state without applying a refinement method . In step third, the MODPATH numerical code that simulates the mass transport of particles, was used to trace contaminated particles of two forward and backward modes in steady state and unsteady state, without applying a refinement method. In forth step, the MODPATH numerical code that simulates the mass transport of particles, was used to trace contaminated particles of two forward and backward modes in steady state and unsteady, with applying a refinement method. In the fifth step: the scenario of impact of increase and decrease of pumping from the wells on the travel time and the length of the path of the leachate particles that led to them was predicted and evaluated in a backward method in a steady state without applying the refinement method, In the sixth step: the scenario of impact of increase and decrease of pumping from the exploitation wells on the travel time and the length of the path of the leachate particles that led to them was predicted and evaluated in a backward method in a steady state with applying the refinement method. In Seventh step: the scenario of impact of increase or decrease of pumping from exploitation wells on capture zone was predicted and evaluated by backward method without applying refinement method, In eighth step, the impact of the scenario of increase or decrease of pumping from the exploitation wells on capture zone was predicted and evaluated by backward method in the steady state by applying refinement method, In the ninth step, particle tracking leading to several water quality sampling wells in Lour plain was predicted and evaluated in a backward steady state .And In the tenth step , verification of the results of particle tracking leading to Several qualitative sampling wells in Lour Plain (to Method backward in steady state By applying Refinement method) , was evaluated with the help of Hydrochemical data obtained from these wells

 Iran is a component of vital dry climates, with an average rainfall of 240 mm, which is the average rainfall amounts of less than a third of global. In addition, the spatial and temporal distribution this low rainfall is also very inappropriate in Iran and space rainfall not match the needs of agriculture. So it should be used water resources the optimized by the study of water resources and management practices and proper planning.. West Plains area of about 757 square kilometer study area dose, dez and Karkhe in the catchment area is in the north of the city of Dezful Heights and the West and the East river from south to Ahu Dasht, is limited. The plains in the north of Khuzestan and West - southwestern city of Dezful city between latitudes 32 degrees and 2 minutes to 32 degrees 28 minutes north and longitude 48 degrees to 48 degrees and 22 minutes East is located 8 minutes. In this study, simulation western Dez’s aquifer using MODFLOW code in the software was GMS7.1. To this end, the regional network and to determine the initial and boundary conditions, the model September2012 to February 2013 period unstable state during the stress period was calibrated 6. After hydrogeological modeling, model validation. Results for the period of Persian date March 2013 to May 2013 for various scenarios, including projected balance was made plain during the modeling drought and rain conditions; balance amount in period 73076426/75 modeling - in period drought and rain respectively with -78614025/8 and 79207506/25 And to identify and associated hydraulic system and the rate of exchange between the river and the aquifer West Dez’s depending Zone budget was used.

Abstract:
The studied area of Lour Plain is a part of Dezful-Andimeshk Plain with an area of 310 square kilometers, located in the catchment of the Dez River in the north of Andimeshk city, and it is one of the northern plains of Khuzestan plateau in western slopes of Zagros Mountains. In this area, Andimeshk landfill is located with an area of 6000 square meters in the North East of the city in upstream of Jarmeh floodwater spreading site. The daily production rate of Andimeshk city waste is between 100 to 120 tons and the final discharge of waste are Dez Dam road located in the Jarmeh area. The main objective of this study was to determine the impact of Jarmeh landfill leachate on groundwater quality of Lour Plain. The hydro chemical investigation of water resources of Lour Plain was conducted in two stages (February 2015, as an indicator of the wet season and September 95, as an indicator of the dry season). Samples were obtained from deep wells of the area and in line with Jarmeh landfill. The results of the hydro chemical investigations suggest that the dominant anion is bicarbonate and the dominant cation is calcite. Piper diagram shows hydrochemical facias, calcic bicarbonate and calcic sulfate at the end of the aquifer. It indicates the relationship between groundwater and Bakhtiari Formation and Lahbari District (sulfate salts). Diagrams show dominant anion-cation in the north-south Ravand Plain on all parameters. In other words, the concentration of these ions increases from the output aquifer. Based on results of PCA (principal component analysis) in February 2015, the aquifer area was divided into three groups of different qualities. According to correlation coefficients matrix, nitrate is not correlated with other elements, representing its human and non-natural origin. Based on AHC tree diagram (cluster analysis), groundwater samples were divided into three groups in terms of quality similarity in February 2015. The first group included the samples of wells GHL3, GHL6, GHL4, GHL5, GHL2, and DK with almost same quality, and the second group included the samples of wells CH1, CH2, CH3, and GHL1. The second group has lower quality compared to the first group. The third group included only one member related to PZ well at the end of plain and it has the lowest quality in comparison with the first and the second groups. In addition, in September 2016, according to the results of PCA, strong correlation was found between NO3, Pb, Cd, and Cr. In addition, there is a direct relationship between less distance from landfill and the higher concentration of samples. By investigating the contamination of heavy metals, it was found that all samples are within the standard range. It is concluded that the water of the wells is not contaminated with heavy metals. By investigating the contamination of water resources of the plain, it was found that the most important source of contamination in the plain is nitrate of the groundwater that its concentration of most wells is higher than the WHO standard. Investigating the contamination distribution of nitrate suggests an increase in this ion from downstream of the landfill to the center of the plain. High concentration of this ion in central parts of plain could be due to agricultural activities and chemical fertilizers.

 

 The study area a karstic polje, extended over an area of 155 square kilometers, located in Khuzestan province. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of hydrological droughts on the water quality and quantity of Izeh aquifer plain, Iran,during
The aim of this study is to assess the impact of recent droughts on the quantity and quality of water sources during 2002 to 2014. Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI ) and survey data collected from Khuzestan Water and Power Authority , It is found that the representative hydrograph of the plain , affected by drought and over-pumping , has downward trend and the plain has been engaged in hydrological drought from 2009 until end of the study period . To better understand the drop in water level, water level maps, July 2003- 2014 in the software environment GIS (as IDW) were drawn and the amount of drawdown was calculated in every part of the plain. According to the Maps, the biggest drop in the South, Southwest and parts of East Prairie is observed. The disadvantage of these maps their being influenced by pumping water from the wells. In other words, these maps do not show the effects of drought individually. Fuzzy AHP method was used to remove the effect of pumping. In this way, the different layers are defined as standard and their effect on each characterized by performing overlap. After excluding the effect of pumping, natural plain drought vulnerability map was drawn. This map shows the central and western regions are the most sensitive areas to drought.
Climate investigations results show that the air temperature and evaporation of the Izeh plain has increased while mean precipitation has fallen in recent 28 years. This issue has enhances the continuing drought in the region. The drought has also caused decline in groundwater levels, reduce discharge and drying of springs, wells and reducing the area of available lakes in the plain or drying them.
To assess changes in the quality of groundwater resources, the electrical conductivity and chlorine chemo graph and electrical conductivity equal values map were used. This map of central and western regions shows the highest sensitivity to drought .the results of climate study show that air temperature and Plain evaporation of Izeh in the last 28 years has increased, and mean rainfall has decreased. This increases the continuing drought in the region. The drought also caused a decline in groundwater levels, reduce watering and drying of springs, wells and reduce some lakes.
To study the applied aspects of the quality of the water resources,the comparison graphs for Piper, Wilcox and Schoeller were used and were drawn for years 84 and 92. The study shows that the quality of groundwater has fallen and increase of water salinity and electrical conductivity can be seen in most areas. Also it was observed that Regions with the greatest increase have a large overlap with areas with higher sensitivity to drought.

 Asmari anticline with a height of 1384 meters and length of 27 km located in 49° 30′ 00" to 49° 45′ 00" longitude and 31° 33′ 00" to 31° 48′ 00" longitude. Asmari double plunging anticline, with extensive Asmari limestone outcrops, located in the South East of the Masjed Soleiman city as a high mountain range. Garu spring is located in northwest Cape of Asmari anticline. The aim of this study was to determine the source of arsenic in the region, and to investigate the relationship between the oil output of the anticline Asmari nose and Garu sulfur springs and its role on the quality of groundwater resources of study area. Sampling of groundwater, and sediment with almost perfect distribution of the sampling points took placed in February and September 94-93, which is a good indicator of the wet season and dry in this region. Analysis of major elements by ion chromatography system shows that the dissolution of halite and oil brines is inducement of sodium chloride facies in the study area. The results of atomic absorption analysis of surface water and groundwater samples showed that concentrations of arsenic in the water of Garu spring is higher than the maximum allowed by the World Health Organization, also concentration of nickel is high in the spring. The concentrations of arsenic in the Temby salty river and piezometers of Asmari anticline is in the range of World Health Organization's limit, but iron levels in piezometers AS3 is higher. ICP-OES results indicate that the Gachsaran formation is primary source of arsenic and nickel in the region. Also oil brines mixed with groundwater can be a secondary source of arsenic in springs. It seems that the key process on the release of arsenic in Garu springs, is the biological degradation of organic compounds associated with petroleum hydrocarbons that may be reducing environment. These organic matter entered spring through the fault. This process resulted in the reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron/manganese oxyhydroxides/oxides and also followed by nickel and vanadium mobilizing to groundwater.

Nowadays, expansion of agricultural and industrial activities, growing population and unprincipled landfill waste has led to reduced groundwater quality and pollution of groundwater resources, particularly nitrate contamination. Therefore, vulnerability assessment “to map the most vulnerable areas to human pollution sources", has become an important element for the management of resources and land use planning. DRASTIC model because of ease of implementation and use of hydrogeological parameters is one of the most useful models to determine the risk of groundwater contamination. SarbisheSabyly- plain located in the Khuzestan province due to huge groundwater and surface water resources, fertile soil and flat land, has a thriving agriculture.With the development of agriculture, use of chemical and animal fertilizers has raised. Thus, the potential contamination of groundwater pollutants, especially nitrate pollution in the plain is very high.The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of the Sbyly- Sarbishe plain aquifer to pollution, using the DRASTIC and FAHP models in the years 2008-2009 and 2013-2014. For this purpose, initially the intrinsic aquifer vulnerability map was prepared according to standard valuation, using seven parameters affecting the pollution of the aquifer (water table depth, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, unsaturated environment and hydraulic conductivity) and then the nitrate map was used to correct the weight and grade of the DRASTIC parameters .After the modifying the DRASTIC model, the correlation between nitrate concentrations in groundwater and risk index rose from about 29.0 percent to 74.0 percent in dry season and from 43.0 percent to 73.0 percent in the dry season for the year 2008 to 2009 and from 52.0 percent to 82.0 percent in wet season and from 44.0 percent to 80/0 percent in the dry season for the year from 2013 to 2014.The results indicate that approximately 23.28, 40.82, 18.85, 13.87, 7.91 percent of the area has a very low, low, moderate and moderate to high vulnerability risk for the year 2008-2009 in the dry season and about 17.25, 40.88, 19.49, 14.76 and 7.59 percent of the area has a very low , low, medium, medium to high, and high vulnerability risk in wet season.For the year 2013-2014, about 23, 35.29, 19.4, 14.96 and 6% of the area has a very low infection risk, low, medium, high and moderate to high in the dry season and about 44, 15.4, 20.7, 17.8 and 1% of the area with the risk of infection is very low, low, medium, medium to high and is high in the wet season.

Abstract: Surface and ground water interaction modeling has always been one of the basic concerns in water resources management. Such interaction is usually considered as an internal boundary condition in modeling and exact state of the components would be determined throughout the modeling process. Modeling the interaction between the two on a large scales such as watershed, the need to analyze large amounts of spatial data that with softwares and usual techniques do not have sufficient accuracy or to be very inefficient in terms of data management and computational time. In this context, groundwater models because of their high effectiveness and less expenses than other methods water source management tool. For this purpose, aquifer of sahneh, with area of 79 square kilometers, which is located on eastnorth of Kermanshah, was simulated by GMS 7.1 software. First, a conceptual model was setup using simple GIS tools. Then, the numerical model was generated. Following this, model in steady state for one month (August 2006) performed and calibrated.Then model calibrated by 12 stress period in unsteady state from October 2005 to September 2006. The model was verified from October 2006 to march 2006. Eventually, The results for the various scenarios including predicting the status of water level in next 5 years, predicting the status of groundwater under drought and rainy year and interaction river and aquifer was analyzed in sahneh plain.

 

 Iran is a country with an average rainfall of about 240 mm dry, which is less than third of the global average rainfall. In addition, the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall is not in accordance with the agricultural needs. As a result, water resources decision makers have understood the importance of optimal use of water resources. Thus, groundwater models due to their high performances and lower cost than other methods are used. Due to the necessity, Shavoor plain groundwater flow model was developed to simulate the groundwater flow system in unsteady state in 12 stress periods from October 2010 to September 2011, using f MODFLOW, GMS7. 1. First, conceptual model was developed using GIS software and afterward numerical model was designed and calibrated using observations data from unsteady wells. In the next step unsteady model was verified from October 2010 to march 2010. After calibration the results showed that the model water balance was inconsistent with the plain unit hydrograph. Furthermore, it was found that the hydrodynamic coefficients of aquifer were in discrepancy with deposits size and type .These findings indicated that the model parameters had some uncertainty. Thus, these parameters were identified, and solutions were offered to overcome the uncertainty. After applying these changes and overcome the uncertainty, the model was recalculated and it was in good balance with the unit hydrograph of the plain.

 In all studies of groundwater in karst and non-karst environments, estimating the water balance is a basic unmatched necessity for the various investigations. The exact amount of infiltration of aquifers is necessary for estimating water balance. Many methods have been used for these purposes that mostly are designed for Alluvial Aquifers. But since the karst are known as the most important freshwater resources in the world, it is important to explore these aquifers. Thus, evaluation of these aquifers is very important. Hence, in this study, based on variables such as elevation, slope, lithology, structural conditions, vegetation and soil type (method KARSTLOP) , average annual recharge (as a percentage of rainfall) in the karst aquifer of the Pabdeh anticline has been determined. The study area (anticline Pabdeh) that is at a distance of one hundred and fifty kilometers North East of Ahvaz is located thirty kilometers east of Lali city. Strait Baba Ahmed, fully cut Pabdeh anticline and includes two Odiev and the Gariveh karst aquifers. KARSTLOP Method is a method to obtain the spatial distribution of recharge and is expressed as a percentage of precipitation.The model consists of eight layers of information (disruption Karst, atmospheric conditions, drainage, slope, tectonic condition, lithology, limestone overlying layers (soil type) and vegetation) are created as a raster layer. Karst formations of Pabdeh anticline have a high recharge value. The minimum and maximum rates of recharge are estimated to be 38% and 62% respectively. Also, due to the broadening of the anticline axis, slope is low but the maximum value. Consequently, the recharge rate is high.

Iran is an arid country with mean annual precipitation 0f 240 mm that is less than one third of average word precipitation. In addition, spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall is not accordance with agricultural demands. Therefore, the importance of control and optimum utilization of groundwater has been realized by Iranian water resources decision makers. In this context, groundwater models because of their high effectiveness and less expenses than other methods have been developed and used by hydrogeologists as water source management tool. Realizing the need, the Sabili-Sarbisheh Plain groundwater flow model developed. Modflow, GMS 7.1, Groundwater Modeling System, was used to build a groundwater flow model to simulate the behavior of the flow system under different stresses for one year period (2011 to 2012) under unsteady condition. First, a conceptual model was set up using simple GIS tools. Then, the numerical model was generated and, transient data from observation wells were used to calibrate the model. Following this, the transient model was validated by using observation data for the period of October 2012 to December 2012. Then, using the model as a management tool, the behavior of the aquifer with respect to different management scenarios including the status of water level in next 4 years, the status of groundwater under drought conditions and impact of construction of irrigation and drainage project ,downstream of Shirin-ab dam were predicted and analyzed in Sabili-Sarbisheh plain.

Iran is a part of world arid and semi-arid region and obtains bulk of its drinking and agricultural needs from groundwater. Recharge management of groundwater resources as an important topics, is an emerging and stable technique and is expected to resolve many of the problems of water resources in arid and semiarid regions of Iran. Artificial recharge of aquifers is considered as a strategy to enhance the development of groundwater resources and compensation for losses resulting from the storage. It is necessary to evaluate the impacts of the projects on aquifers because if the results are positive, the implementation of these projects will increase. Due to the complexity of natural systems and the cumbersome procedures of their evaluations advanced models of groundwater are appropriate tools for the description, analysis, management and evaluation of the aquifers. The study area is a part of the lowland Lour- Andimeshk Plain with an area of 280 square kilometers which is located in the Dez River basin in the northern part of Andimeshk city. The main aims of this study is the simulation of Lour Aquifer using MODFLOW code in GMS software, using it to manage the aquifer and to assess the Jarmeh flood spreading project which is located in north of Andimeshk. For this purpose, the study area was gridded and initial and boundary conditions were determined. Then model was calibrated in the steady and unsteady state conditions during a 12 tension steps from October 2009 to September 2010. The model verified for the period of 2010 to 2011 using the hydrogeological parameters obtained during the parameter estimation and optimizing. The calibrated and verified groundwater model was used as a management tool after it’s prove of ability for simulating the actual aquifer and field conditions. Results for different management scenarios, such as interaction between the Lour Aquifer and the Dez River, prediction of aquifer condition in terms of drought and increasing rate of well discharge up to 10%, lowering the rate of well discharge up to 25% and assessment of the Jarmeh artificial recharge project were analyzed. The results of the water balance model for 2009-2010 showed a negative balance of 7456831 cubic meters per year for Lour plain aquifer. The results also showed that artificial recharge increased the groundwater level and reduced the negative balance, hence contributed in improving the balance of the aquifer

: The Dezful- Andimeshk Plain, which is, located about 130 Km of Ahvaz city, downstream of Dez dam is the most extensive plain in the northern province of Khuzestan. The Plain covers an area of over 2070 square kilometers. It include mountain regions to low altitudes of the province, is located between latitudes 32°00′ and 32°35′ N and longitudes 48°10′ and 49°35′ E Groundwater quality assessment in northern area of Dezful- Andimeshk Plain , spatial groundwater quality changes assessment , zoning of groundwater quality using groundwater quality index (GWQI) are the main purposes of this study. For this purpose, data from 23 existing wells represent that the chemical quality of groundwater Plain in Mordad and Esfand 1390 were used. Also, other Plain, 19 wells were sampled in November 2013.Samples were chemically analysed by ion chromatograph. Using with ArcGis10 software, distribution maps of water quality parameters were prepared and a groundwater quality index map was plotted. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the significance temporal changes of groundwater quality parameters using Spss 16 software. For samples of November 1392, groundwater quality index, GWQI, changes from 50.8 to 71. Highest values of electrical conductivity and chloride are observed in the southern part of the plain. Total hardness is observed in the West and South- West of the Plain. In addition, the inverse distance weighting method was used for interpolation of data

 The study area includes Kamestan anticline was located in the North East of Khuzestan province. In terms of tectonic setting, Kamstan anticline located in the Zagros fold belt and has North West - South East trend. The purpose of this study was to hydrogeologic and hydrochemistry assess of groundwater resources and interaction between of either with two factors of geology and structure. storage of spring, flow type and proportion of each flow from volume of groundwater stored in the aquifer were determined based on hydrograph drawing and analysis in Bagh-shirin spring in south limb of Kamestan anticline. Based on hydrograph, flow type in the southern part of the anticline is diffusion and rapid flow makes up only 2% volume of groundwater stored in the aquifer. The lack of karstification in this part of the anticline, was used as the criterion for hydrograph verification. After determining the surface catchment area of springs in northern and southern parts anticline and compare they with the amount of area that can make provision for output rate of either catchment area by considering annual rainfall and infiltration percentage (hydrogeologic catchment area), noticeabled that surface catchment area cannot provide all of the volume of springs discharged. After examining the various ways by taking the lithology, geometry of the anticline, the path of Karun River and else, the eastern part of the anticline introduced as recharge source of all of the anticline and Karun River introduced as recharge source of northern part of the anticline. saturation index and the ratio of calcium/magnesium in the springs, confirmed above results and shown except for low water springs Gooshe, all of the springs recharge from a high Mg and TDI source in addition to Ilam - Sarvak formation. However the results of hydrogeologic chapter about recharge of springs from the Karun River -on the north part of the anticline- and the eastern part of the anticline, as resource with high TDI (Due to high residence time, if aquifer recharge from eastern part of anticline and high minerals in the surface waters, if aquifer recharge from Karun River) and high Mg (Due to the passage of water from Darian Fahliyan formation) results of hydrochemistry were confirmed finally.